Infertility
causes can be complicated, they can be male, female or both
parties.
Here are the most common causes of female infertility:
Structural Issues account for about 15% of female factors.
Referring to issues with the anatomy of the woman, these issues
cover blockages in fallopian tubes, a fibroid in the uterus, or a problem with the opening of the cervix.
Some of these factors may be caused by previous medications or surgeries, like DES exposure when the woman was a fetus herself, or a surgery that would disrupt the stability or the cervix. Some of these causes may be treated with surgical intervention while others may need other forms of specialized treatment.
Mechanical Issues 25-40% of women will have fertility
problems due to these issues, such as scar tissue that block the
fallopian tubes or the uterus. This can also be caused by pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID) or endometriosis.
Ovulatory Issues As many as 30% of all causes of female
infertility are due to issues with ovulation. Complete ovarian
failure due to hormonal issues, etc. It could be merely a problem
with the timing or detection of ovulation. This can be treated with
supplements to help restore ovarian function.
Multiple or Unknown Factors
It is possible that a woman will have multiple factors involved in her cause of infertility.
Medical evaluation by a qualified practitioner is always important. About 10% of women will have unknown causes of infertility.
Not to be bypassed is the male reproductive system.
The leading causes for male infertility are:
Structural
Issues account for 35-40% of all fertility problems. Any obstructions
in the vas deferens or epididymis (the tubes that transport fertile
sperm). Varicoceles (varicose veins) in the testicles are the
most common cause of male tube blockages. Sexually transmitted
diseases, such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea, are also linked to
tube blockage problems.
Sperm Issues Low sperm count (oligospermia) is a leading cause of infertility or subfertility issues among men. While it requires only one sperm to fertilize the ovum, the odds of conception are such that it takes million of sperm per milliliter of semen to actually achieve the goal of fertilization. A "normal" sperm count is about 20 million or more sperm per milliliter of semen. Over sixty percent of the sperm in each sample should exhibit normal morphology and indicate typical motility - the forward swimming movement.
Sperm allergy is also possible. Fewer than 10 per cent of infertile
women and men have immune reactions to sperm, which cause them to
produce antibodies that kill sperm cells. In men, this is most
common after a vasectomy. This diagnosis is controversial.
The
final category include the ubiquitous 'unexplained infertility'.
This catch-all term is used when doctors can't find a cause for
infertility after a full series of tests and assessments. Some
experts think being significantly over- or underweight, exercising
excessively and even environmental toxins may be contributing
factors but no direct links have been confirmed. Combination infertility
is the term used to describe couples who have both male and female
infertility problems, or when one partner has more than one fertility
problem.
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